Understanding El Niño’s Impact on Our Coast

By | Blog

El Niño years bring stronger storms and heavier rainfall, putting added pressure on California’s coastal environment. These conditions intensify the stormwater and coastal issues CERF tracks year‑round, especially as warmer ocean temperatures make rainfall more unpredictable. They also strain water quality, public health, and the coastal habitats that rely on stable environmental conditions.

What is El Niño?

El Niño is a climate phenomenon triggered when ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific rise above normal levels. This added heat transfers to the atmosphere, temporarily rising global temperatures and shifting rainfall and weather patterns worldwide. These changes directly and indirectly affect the United States, particularly coastal regions like Southern California.

How Heavy Rainfall Impacts Coastal Water Quality

Heavy rainfall creates stormwater runoff that carries pollutants, bacteria, and debris from streets, industrial sites, and other developed surfaces into storm drains. This runoff often contains animal waste, fertilizers, and sewage leaks, which raise pathogen levels and fecal indicator bacteria in coastal waters. When this water reaches the ocean shortly after a storm, the risk of illness for swimmers and surfers increases because these contaminants are still highly concentrated.

Runoff also affects wildlife and coastal ecosystems. Floodwaters move trash, chemicals, and other pollutants into lagoons, beaches, and nearshore waters. Sensitive habitats such as wetlands and estuaries are especially vulnerable because they rely on stable water quality and balanced nutrient levels. When stormwater introduces pollutants or vast amounts of debris, these ecosystems can experience declines in species’ health, reduced oxygen levels, and disruptions to the plants and animals that depend on them.

Why El Niño’s Impacts are Stronger This Year

The 2026 El Niño is anticipated to be one of the strongest events on record. Pacific Ocean temperatures are rising quickly and reaching higher extremes than in previous cycles, and this is happening on top of an already warm global climate. Early in the year, sea surface temperatures are well above average, with some scientists predicting increases of 3°C to 4°C.

According to NASA, global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.4°C since the 19th century. Because this El Niño is forming in a much warmer world, its effects are amplified. Storms can become more intense, rainfall can arrive in more concentrated bursts, and coastal impacts tend to be more severe than in the past.

El Niño’s Impact on CERF’s Monitoring Efforts

CERF monitors stormwater and coastal conditions year‑round, but El Niño magnifies the issues we track. Heavy rainfall leads to more polluted runoff entering storm drains and coastal waters, which raises the likelihood of water quality impacts and beach closures. El Niño also heightens risks related to bluff erosion, flooding, and emergency coastal development requests. These conditions intensify the challenges CERF already addresses, making close monitoring during El Niño seasons essential for protecting water quality, public access, and coastal ecosystems.

How Communities Can Prepare

The City of San Diego offers practical guidance for residents and businesses to prepare for El Niño conditions. This includes recommendations for flood readiness, effective stormwater management, and safety considerations. For more information, visit: San Diego El Niño Resources.

 

Rachel Stewart – Programs Manager

BNSF Railway, Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation, San Diego Coastkeeper, and North County Transit District Resolve Claims Related to Transportation of Plastic Pellets and Develop Industry-Leading Standards

By | Media Releases

SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, February 5, 2026 – BNSF Railway, Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation, San Diego Coastkeeper, and North County Transit District are pleased to announce that the parties have reached a resolution to resolve allegations related to BNSF’s transportation of plastic pellets, also known as nurdles. Nurdles are tiny plastic beads that are the raw material for almost all plastic products. Because of their small size – approximately the size of a lentil – nurdles can be difficult to control, but even more difficult to clean up once they are released into the environment.

The parties worked collaboratively over many months to investigate and develop industry-leading standards for the safe and secure transportation of plastic pellets. As part of that collaboration, BNSF has introduced updated policies and enhanced protocols to prevent the accidental spillage or release of plastic pellets throughout the United States. The new policies require BNSF’s customers to properly seal both loaded and unloaded rail cars that transport plastic pellets. In addition, BNSF will not pick up and pull non-compliant cars and will implement escalating fees for non-compliance. BNSF has rolled out these changes nationwide and the parties are pleased to have collaborated in developing this enduring set of changes.

BNSF is also working with its industry partners, shippers and receivers of plastic pellets, and the Association of American Railroads and other industry organizations to develop best practices for the safe, secure, and sustainable transportation of plastics pellets. BNSF’s leadership on these issues is already contributing to improved standards industry-wide. The resolution also includes a BNSF donation to support efforts local to San Diego County to address plastic pollution in the environment.

“BNSF remains dedicated to its industry-leading efforts to ensure that railroads are the most environmentally preferred mode of surface transportation and thanks CERF and Coastkeeper for the constructive collaboration to address these issues,” noted Scot Bates, Assistant Vice President, Chemicals and Plastics at BNSF.

“This is a significant win for our oceans, both locally and globally,” said Patrick McDonough, Coastkeeper’s Senior Attorney. “With an estimated 25-30 billion nurdles entering our oceans every day, we’re thrilled BNSF and NCTD have joined Coastkeeper and CERF to take a leadership role in tackling this crisis.”

“Microplastics are difficult to remove from the environment,” said Livia Beaudin, attorney for CERF and partner at Coast Law Group. “That’s why these efforts to keep them contained and out of our sensitive watersheds are so important.”

About San Diego Coastkeeper
San Diego Coastkeeper is a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation founded in 1995 to protect and restore San Diego County’s bays, beaches, watersheds, and ocean for the people and wildlife that depend on them. Coastkeeper balances community outreach, education, science, advocacy, and legal enforcement to promote clean water stewardship and a healthy coastal ecosystem. For more
information, visit www.sdcoastkeeper.org

Media Contact: Nicky Rosenberg, (608) 556-3793, [email protected]

About Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation
CERF is an environmental nonprofit founded in 2008 by surfers in Encinitas, CA. CERF is dedicated to the preservation, protection, and defense of the environment, the wildlife, and the
natural resources of the California Coast. For more information, visit www.cerf.org

Media Contact: Livia Borak Beaudin, (760) 514-0165, [email protected] www.coastlaw.com

About BNSF Railway
BNSF Railway is one of North America’s leading freight transportation companies. BNSF operates approximately 32,500 route miles of track in 28 states and three Canadian provinces. BNSF is one of the top transporters of consumer goods, grain and agricultural products, low-sulfur coal, and industrial goods such as petroleum, chemicals, housing materials, food, and beverages.
BNSF’s shipments help feed, clothe, supply, and power American homes and businesses every day. BNSF and its employees have developed one of the most technologically advanced, and efficient railroads in the industry. We work continuously to improve the value of the safety, service, energy, and environmental benefits we provide to our customers and the communities we
serve. You can learn more about BNSF at www.BNSF.com

Media Contact: Lena Kent, (909) 386-4140, [email protected]

Our Voices for California’s Coast

By | Health

Our Voices for California’s Coast

Protecting our coasts isn’t a singular action; it’s something that happens every day, in every decision and process. Nearly 40 percent of Californians reside within the coastal zone, and the choices made there significantly impact how we live, work, and play.

“The coast is never saved; It’s always being saved.”

— Peter Douglas, past Executive Director, California Coastal Commission

Our coast depends on those who speak for clean water, public access, and preservation of natural resources. That means protecting beaches and dunes, wetlands, bluffs, and harbors. Each wetland restored and path maintained keeps beaches open and healthy.

Bluff, Warm Waters, San Diego County

The California Coastal Commission: An Opportunity to Participate

Created by voters in 1972 through Proposition 20, the California Coastal Commission (CCC) is the state agency responsible for protecting over 1,100 miles of California’s coastline. It makes sure development along the coast protects public access, wildlife, and community well-being. Each decision represents the balance between human use and natural preservation.

 

How it Works

The commission oversees all land and water use within the state’s Coastal Zone, reviewing projects to ensure they comply with the California Coastal Act. Local governments develop Local Coastal Programs. These plans determine how land in the coastal zone is used. This structure is incredibly unique, allowing a state-wide agency to be accessed locally.

Seawall off Warm Waters Jetty Beach, San Diego County

When local development proposals threaten beach access, habitat, or community character, the Commission has the authority to review or appeal these projects. The CCC also reviews long-range plans for coastal universities or major ports, and it sometimes works closely with federal agencies on projects.

This means that projects involving shoreline protection, such as seawalls, bluff stabilization, dune restoration, and living shoreline projects, often come before the Commission. These efforts aim to protect both communities and natural systems.

View of Agua Hedionda Lagoon and the surrounding community, San Diego County

Commission meetings are open to the public, and anyone can attend, comment, and participate in the appeal process.

“It’s a very unique animal… a state interest in 1,100-plus miles of coast, implemented on the local level.”

— Mark Stone, former Coastal Commissioner (2009–2012)

How You Can Get Involved

You don’t have to be an expert to have a say in what happens along our coasts. The Coastal Commission offers several ways for the public to participate in these decisions. Anyone can attend meetings, either in person or online, and speak during public comment. We can also submit written remarks about projects that affect your community, beaches, and access points.

Staying informed makes a difference. The Commission’s monthly agenda is publicly available, featuring highly detailed discussions on development projects, infrastructure, and long-term shoreline management. Sharing that information with your friends, family, and peers helps others understand what’s at stake and how they can participate.

Why Now

California is facing the challenges of our time: rising seas, large-scale development, funding

Cayucos Pier and surrounding community, San Luis Obispo County

challenges, and political efforts to weaken environmental protections. The Coastal Commission provides us with a means to push back. This system is a rarity of shared responsibility between state and local governments; it only works when people stay engaged and informed. Rising seas are already changing our shoreline. Communities like Pacifica, Del Mar, and Ventura are exploring living shorelines, where natural buffers, such as dunes, wetlands, and reefs, are used

Natural Sea Bluffs in Ventura, LA County

instead of hard seawalls. These nature-based protections help maintain access, reduce erosion, and protect habitats. These plans exemplify the importance of adaptability and our public feedback.

What Can I Look Out For?

These meetings offer an opportunity for us to engage with our civic processes. It’s our chance to maintain coastal access, protect our precious public spaces, and enact change.

Each month, new agenda items are brought forward. The agenda is split into regions. You’d be surprised by the number of items in your own backyard. No public comment is restricted by region; a Californian can spark a conversation anywhere.

This month in Santa Cruz:

SCZ-NOID-0002-25 (Younger Lagoon Beach Access Management Plan): A five-year beach access and management plan for Younger Lagoon Reserve at UCSC. The goal is to create a plan that balances public access and ecological/research protection.

If these matters resonate with you, get involved, follow along, comment, and take part in the discussion.

 

Keep Our Coasts Alive

The beaches, bluffs, and wetlands along our coasts remind us what’s at stake and what’s possible when we protect them. By taking part in the decisions that shape them, you help protect what makes our coast special. Each voice helps keep the promise that our coastlines will remain open, accessible, and alive for generations to come.

What We’re Protecting:

  • Clean water and thriving marine habitats
  • Open beaches and accessible coastal trails
  • Wetlands and natural floodplains
  • Working waterfronts and coastal economies
  • Healthy coastal highways
  • Resilient shorelines that adapt to climate change

 

Learn more and get involved: CA Coastal Commission Site

Each monthly meeting is streamed and open to public comment: Upcoming Meetings and Agenda Access

 

Sawyer Patten- CERF Intern

Utility UPDATE

By | Health

Utility UPDATE 

Recent Wins in Utility Costs Amid Our Critical Need for Reform 

 

Late last month, Gavin Newsom signed a five-bill utility package into law. The bills aim to address ever-growing utility costs, enhance reliability, and advance climate goals. This is all coming in a time of increasing mistrust in Investor-Owned Utility Companies and decades of rate-payer-harming decisions.  

The package includes AB 825, along with others. This is the same bill addressed in our last post. It establishes a new Public Transmission Financing Fund that doesn’t saddle ratepayers with critical grid updates. It has the potential to save Californians millions of dollars on their utility bills. After decades of utility companies finance projects on the backs of their customers, this is a step toward public control, accountability, and a system that fosters human flourishing.  

Unfortunately, SB 332 didn’t make this round of bills. It would have banned shutoffs for vulnerable groups and explored utilities entering the nonprofit, community-led models. Even though it didn’t pass this year, it opened a door and got people talking. It is expected to return in 2026.  

Looking at what did pass: four more energy and climate-related bills.  First, SB 254 focuses on much-needed wildfire safety. It strengthens the Wildfire Fund by creating a Continuation Account to extend the fund beyond its original expiration, allowing it to continue paying for damages and prevention. Additionally, it bars utilities from earning returns on the first $6 billion of fire-risk mitigation spending and demands greater transparency in prevention efforts. This kind of oversight is overdue.  

Both AB 1207 and SB 840 handle California’s cap-and-trade program. They extend the program through 2045 and restructure the credits so that they are applied during high-bill months, providing more relief. They’ll generate revenue that can be allocated to statewide affordable housing, public transit, wildfire prevention, clean drinking water, and clean energy projects. This takes money out of corporations’ hands and puts it into the publics.   

SB 237 ventures into gasoline prices and fuel supply. It aims to reduce price spikes by diversifying California’s fuel sources (supporting domestic production over imports) and implementing stricter regulations for idle oil pipelines. It also addresses the need for protection in communities living near petroleum wells. This signals recognition of environmental injustices though the need for mitigation remains.  

And just this past weekend, Governor Newsom signed an additional bill that will ban the use of ratepayer dollars for political lobbying and marketing. AB 1167 will also strengthen enforcement against unlawful use of ratepayer funds. The measure followed reporting from The Sacramento Bee, which showed that SoCalGas was using ratepayer dollars to undermine policies meant to combat climate change. Companion bill SB 24 would have gone further, prohibiting utilities from using ratepayer funds to oppose publicly-owned utilities, but it was vetoed. 

So, in the grand scheme of things, where does this package put us? It’s a start. It’s not overly optimistic to say that this could mark the beginning of a shift away from unchecked corporate control of our energy systems. The Bills’ passing is just the beginning; actual implementation and enforcement are the greater challenge. These are wins; our progress is reliant on everyone’s attention and prioritization to ensure these bills aren’t watered down or ignored.  

As we celebrate, California’s utility challenges are far from over. 

The fight for fair, affordable utilities will continue on all fronts, along with our efforts to combat climate change. 

 

Sawyer Patten- CERF Intern

We’re Pushing to Hold California’s Utilities Accountable

By | Health

The Elephant in the (Utility) Room

Living in California, we’ve seen decades of steadily increasing utility bills. California’s largest investor-owned companies (IOUs), including PG&E, SCE, SDG&E, and SoCalGas, have leveraged their monopolies to exploit and abuse ratepayers. The utilities subject consumers to skyrocketing bills, while the companies experience ever-growing profits and still fail to upgrade infrastructure to reduce fire risk. This has resulted in widespread distrust, financial hardship, and an unreliable, unsafe grid. Two new state bills, SB 332 and AB 825, aim to protect ratepayers and rightfully place responsibility back on these companies. SB 332 bans shutoffs for vulnerable groups and requires independent audits. And links executive pay to safety outcomes, while AB 825 focuses on grid improvements and wildfire safety using public financing instead of ratepayer dollars. Together, they create opportunities to hold utility companies accountable and invest in a future of safer and cleaner utility structure that prioritizes the interests of Californians.  

California utility customers have faced steadily rising bills with little accountability from the corporations behind them. Since 2021, electric rates have increased over 50% for PG&E and SCE customers without any changes in usage. PG&E, our state’s largest utility company, filed for bankruptcy in 2019 following escalating liability payments for wildfires. Since then, California residents have borne the burden of outdated infrastructure, wildfire risks, and frequent shut-offs, all while companies continue to earn guaranteed profits.  These IOUs executives’ pay packages have only increased.  In 2023, PG&E CEO Patricia Poppe’s $14 million salary increased by $3 million amid statewide ratepayer increases. These payouts coincided with the disconnection of 180,000 Californians’ homes due to non-payment. This reflects a system that prioritizes investor and company returns over responsibility to consumers.

The harms committed by these IOUs are not equal across the state. Unsafe infrastructure disproportionately impacts under-resourced and tribal communities due to systemic underinvestment and environmental racism. Communities of concern face more frequent outages, higher costs, and health risks. Projects that are more likely to induce ecological and public health harms are planned in these communities.

Two recent bills aimed to address this crisis: SB 332 and AB 825. While SB 332 ultimately failed to move forward at this time, it introduced conversations about utility accountability and could return in 2026. AB 825, however, is still pushing and represents an opportunity for change.

 The proposed new bills would have banned shutoffs across the state and included members of impacted communities and tribal communities in research and decision-making.

IOUs function independently as monopolies, but these bills propose modes of finance through public funds rather than utility bills. This allows public entities to finance utility projects, which creates an alternative to relying on IOUs.

SB 332, the Investor-Owned Utilities Accountability Act, responded directly to utility abuse. It called for an investigation of a new alternative utility model that’s non-profit and aligned with the needs and wants of Californians. The research centrally includes wildfire survivors, tribal communities, workers, and environmentalists. The bill also targeted some of the IOUs’ worst offences. It would ban shutoffs for low-income households, pregnant people, and families with small children. It would also prohibit executives from receiving those large payouts while rate hikes continue, require utilities to upgrade dangerous infrastructure, and enforce independent audits. It also invests millions of dollars into climate resilience projects that mitigate the harms these IOUs have committed.

AB 825 focuses on how we plan, fund, and build safer energy systems for California. It establishes a Public Transmission Financing Fund that directs public funds towards safety, modernization, and clean energy development. It streamlines the process, such as permitting, which eliminates excuses and delays. It also demands that IOUs include the voices of communities most harmed by their operations in this new planning process.

Despite prior attempted reforms, many requirements go unenforced, so communities still face shutoffs and massive delays in infrastructure improvements. IOUs hide behind permitting delays and slow-moving decisions, evidenced by the sluggish pace of utility line undergrounding. New bills like SB 332 and AB 825 immediately ban shut-offs for vulnerable groups and require IOU participation in independent, outside audits, directly linking safety outcomes to incentive payouts. 

California voters are ready for change. A new David Binder Research report finds that 85% of Californians believe it’s vital for their legislative representatives to take all possible steps to lower electricity bills for consumers this year.

At CERF, we believe that energy is a human right that needs to be protected. These two bills address the most significant battles regarding utilities: unfair rates, reckless corporate behavior, and a grid that isn’t prepared for climate change.  While they don’t claim to solve these problems, these bills illuminate a path forward.  

And the work doesn’t stop with the bills’ passage. We need to ensure that their protections are enforced, companies fulfill their promises to consumers, and impacted communities are at the center of decision-making. If you’re frustrated, like we are, about where your money goes every month, it’s time to get involved. Learn and join companies striving to make a change. Join Reclaim Our Power, learn more about public power opportunities like Golden State Energy, and help us push for an energy system for Californians, not Corporations. 

 

 

Sawyer Patten- CERF Intern

Vista Unified Goes All-Electric

By | Health

Vista Unified Goes All-Electric

 


 

On July 17, I attended the Vista Unified School District (“Vista”) board meeting, where the district voted unanimously to adopt its Electrification Resolution. Through my involvement with CERF and local climate advocacy, I’ve seen how climate change shows up in everyday life. It’s in the air we breathe, the weather we experience, and the systems we rely on. Watching the board take this step was a reminder that even when progress feels slow or uphill, it is happening, and everyone can be a part of it. This is a meaningful step for students, for public health, and for the kind of future we’re working toward. 

The resolution lays out a clear plan. All new school buildings will be constructed with all-electric systems, and as existing gas appliances and equipment reach the end of their life, from stoves to HVAC to lawn mowers, they’ll be replaced with electric alternatives. School vehicles will also transition to electric. These aren’t just technical upgrades. When schools adopt clean energy infrastructure, they help make healthier, climate-conscious choices the new norm for entire communities. 

 Importantly, Vista hasn’t arrived at this moment overnight. These transitions take time, and they’re powered by the choices of individuals who decide to do things differently. Every new habit adopted, and clean energy solution we embrace, adds up. Vista has been laying the groundwork for years, gradually integrating clean energy as opportunities arise. Solar panels already line the district office parking lot, and the board just approved the purchase of new EV charging stations. At Bobier Elementary, renovations are underway to build a campus powered 90% by solar, with battery backup. The school will be fully electric, including its HVAC and kitchen systems. Each of these steps reflects a broader truth: the path to climate resilience is built by the decisions people make, one by one, and the commitment to keep moving forward. 

The physical infrastructure is only part of the story. Equally important is the investment in education. The resolution calls for green career pathways that prepare students to step into the clean energy workforce. At Vista High School, for example, students are already beginning Electric Vehicle training in auto shop classes. These programs help students connect the dots between climate action, job opportunities, and their futures. When climate-resilient alternatives are present in the classroom, they become a main part of how the next generation perceives the world and their role in contributing to it. 

Electrifying schools creates immediate health benefits. Burning fossil fuels indoors releases pollutants linked to asthma, cancer, and other illnesses, especially for children. Replacing gas with electric systems makes school buildings cleaner, safer, and more resilient. At the same time, these shifts align with San Diego’s broader climate goals. The climate crisis is already here in San Diego felt through different weather trends, wildfires, and worsening air quality. But this moment isn’t just about reducing harm. It’s about building better systems for everyone. 

Vista’s resolution reminds us that anyone can participate and that there are growing ways to get involved. Climate action doesn’t have to mean big changes; it often starts with everyday choices. That might look like walking or biking instead of driving, carpooling to events, or showing up to a local meeting like the one I attended. The new home I just moved into is fully electric. Our landlord recognized the need for this shift and made electrification part of his new normal, for the health of both his renters and his community. This home is one of tens of millions beginning to phase out harmful fossil fuels. There are countless ways to take climate resilience into our own hands, starting right where we are.Owner: Climate Action Campaign catherine@climateactioncampaign.org

And when people come together on these issues, the impact grows. Before the board meeting, I joined students, environmental groups, and community leaders, including representatives of the Climate Action Campaign, North County Climate Alliance, and the San Diego Sierra Club, to show support for the resolution. Some of us were meeting for the first time, others were catching up. Not everyone gave public comment, but everyone showed up. The students who spoke brought the room back to what mattered, their health and futures. 

This energy is contagious. The sincerity of the community presence in the room clearly resonated with the board. After hearing from ten speakers and asking sharp questions during discussion, they passed the resolution with full support. Vista Unified is now the fourth district in San Diego County to adopt an all-electric policy. They’re part of a growing movement of schools not just reacting to climate change, but actively shaping a healthier, more resilient future. The decision is also proof that everyone can contribute to climate-resilience. 

In the end, this resolution is a clear sign of what’s possible on every level, and it’s a step worth celebrating. When local leaders take bold, practical action like this, it permits others to do the same. For me, being part of a community that’s actively creating change feels like a beacon of light. Whether you’re a student, a parent, or simply someone who cares, there’s space for everyone in this shift. 

 

Sawyer Patten- CERF Intern

Nurdles Are Everywhere, But Still Largely Unregulated

By | Blog

File:Nurdle, Dawlish Warren.jpg - Wikimedia Commons


Nurdles Are Everywhere, But Still Largely Unregulated

They’re polluting our ecosystems, spreading toxins, and slipping through oversight gaps.

Small, round, and easily overlooked, nurdles are polluting coastlines worldwide. These plastic pellets serve as the raw material for manufacturing a wide range of products, from bottles to car bumpers. They are increasingly ending up in places they don’t belong: our lagoons, estuaries, and the Pacific Ocean.

Last spring, the Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation (CERF) and San Diego Coastkeeper filed a formal Notice of Intent to Sue BNSF Railroad Company under the Clean Water Act, citing repeated pellet discharges into San Diego County’s coastal ecosystems. No one is taking responsibility for cleaning up these pellets, despite their increasing presence and growing damage.

What are Nurdles?

Nurdles are the building blocks of plastic. Petrochemical companies like Dow, ExxonMobil, Shell, and Formosa manufacture them before shipping them, often internationally, via cargo ship or train. These pellets are then melted into a range of products for packaging, the automotive industry, construction, and consumer goods.

 

File:Plastic pellets.jpg https://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/4480914245/

Nurdles in a polypropylene bag, commonly used in the plastics industry to transport pellets by the ton.

This system, however, is deeply flawed. Nurdles spill at various points during manufacturing and transport. Because they are not labeled as hazardous materials, they are often shipped without proper containment. Once released, they pose a significant threat to the environment.

 

They do not biodegrade. Instead, they absorb and release toxic chemicals such as DDT, PCBs, and mercury, which can interfere with natural bodily systems even at low levels. In the wild, nurdles are often mistaken for food by fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. This not only harms the animals that ingest them directly, but also introduces these toxins into the broader food chain, ultimately posing a risk to other wildlife and to humans who consume contaminated seafood.

A Global Crisis

This issue stretches beyond California. In 2021, the largest recorded spill occurred off the coast of Sri Lanka, when 1,680 tons of nurdles entered the ocean. Just this May, millions of nurdles washed up on the shores of Kerala, India. Globally, an estimated 230,000 metric tons of nurdles enter the ocean each year.

San Diego’s Silent Spills

In San Diego County, nurdles are arriving both from the ocean and the coastal train corridors. In Spring 2024, volunteers and local organizations, including Trash4Tokens and Surfrider, documented plastic pellets not only along our beaches but also beside the railroad tracks that border sensitive ecological zones and coastal communities.

Nurdles found along the edge of Batiquitos Lagoon, Carlsbad on February 12, 2024.

These spaces are home to a diverse range of fish, birds, marine mammals, and endangered species. Nurdles are contaminating the very spaces that serve as natural buffers to climate change and the impacts of urban development.

From Awareness to Accountability

Organizations across the globe are calling for stricter oversight. In California and internationally, this includes classifying nurdles as a hazardous material. Advocates are pushing for enforceable standards around spill prevention, containment, and clean-up for every company handling these pellets, whether by land or sea.

Meanwhile, community-driven science and data collection continue and play a vital role. The first annual California National Nurdle Hunt pushed to help groups document sightings, share information, and clean up where possible.

However, in the long run, cleanup is not enough. Unless companies are held accountable and required to prevent spills at the source, coastal ecosystems and the communities that rely on and enjoy them will continue to bear the cost.

If you spot a nurdle in the wild, please help us document it here. By spreading the word, you can help be a part of the solution!

 

Sawyer Patten- CERF Intern

California’s SB 607 Could Undermine CEQA, Why Does That Matter?

By | Blog

California has been ahead of others in environmental leadership. As a landmark law, California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) ensures environmental impacts of future projects are studied, disclosed, and mitigated before they begin. A new bill, SB 607, could significantly change how CEQA functions with detrimental consequences. As federal environmental laws are weakened by the Trump administration, CEQA is the primary tool Californian’s have to protect the environment.

What is SB 607?

SB 607 was introduced by Senator Scott Wiener in February 2025. While being promoted as a housing reform bill, this bill is part of a broader push to streamline development, particularly in urban infill areas. While this may sound enticing with more housing and less sprawl, it raises a few red flags.

Limits Environmental Review

CEQA was designed to assess all potential environmental impacts—air quality, traffic, water use, noise, biodiversity. SB 607 will weaken environmental review requirements for nearly all private and government projects, including freeways, airports, dams, railyards, shopping centers, sports complexes, power plants, prisons, and mining operations. An Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is required when a project indicates there is a “fair argument” based on substantial evidence that it may have significant impacts on the environment. SB 607 would allow any agency to refuse to prepare an EIR. An agency could rely solely on a Negative Declaration (ND) or Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) under a more deferential standard that is difficult to overcome. EIRs play a critical role in identifying significant impacts, allowing for public scrutiny and ensuring those impacts are minimized. SB 607 would give agencies more flexibility to overlook credible evidence related to air pollution, water contamination, climate change, and threats to wildlife. This is especially troubling where project applicants and their consultants drive the environmental review process, with a rubber stamp from agency staff and officials. In historically marginalized communities with a disproportionate share of industrial and polluting facilities, this presents greater concern.

Exemptions for Rezoning

California has a housing crisis. Affordable and infill housing is already largely exempt from CEQA. However, a dangerous aspect of SB 607 is its proposal to exempt rezonings from CEQA review if a project aligns with an approved housing element. Rezoning is the process of changing how a piece of land can legally be used—from industrial to residential or from low-density to high-density housing. As currently written, SB 607 could allow rezonings that include commercial and industrial development to bypass environmental review. Even if the rezoning allows for pollution heavy or traffic generating development, the project could bypass CEQA review simply because it fulfills a housing element, even with mixed use developments including distribution centers or factories. Increased  industrial and warehouse uses can stress the water supply, traffic infrastructure, and contaminate natural habitats and wetlands. This bill should clarify that exemptions should apply to rezones for residential housing projects only. However, even if redrafted, this exemption is unnecessary. While California needs to meet its housing goals, exempting rezoning from environmental review could lead to long-term consequences that harm ecosystems, communities, and public trust.

Restricting Public Participation

CEQA is a tool that allows the public to understand and influence how developments affect their neighborhoods. It isn’t just an environmental law – it’s a transparency and accountability tool. By narrowing or exempting what is reviewed, SB 607 shuts the public out of the process, especially in vulnerable or disadvantaged communities that are already susceptible to pollution, displacement, and poor planning. Low-income neighborhoods and communities of color have historically faced disproportionate exposure to polluting infrastructure, poor land-use decisions, and environmental injustice. Without Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs), communities have less access to  information, and the public loses the opportunity to weigh in or hold decision-makers accountable. CEQA is a powerful democratic tool that ensures development decisions are not made quietly.

Why We Must Protect CEQA

At a time when federal environmental protections are being rolled back, California must protect CEQA. SB 607 threatens to undermine CEQA—the very law that ensures our development is informed, transparent, and sustainable. By weakening environmental review, exempting broad categories of rezoning, and restricting public participation, this bill shifts power away from communities and into the hands of developers and agencies with little oversight.

California can and should build more housing—but not at the cost of environmental protection, public health, or democratic accountability. CEQA doesn’t stop housing; it ensures that housing is built responsibly, with input from the people who live in and around proposed developments.

How You Can Help

Please join more than 130 environmental groups calling on Senator Pro Tem Mike McGuire and Senator Anna Caballero to vote NO on SB 607.

Please contact these legislators today to register your opinion. Your voice makes a difference!

You can call:

(916) 651-4002

(916) 651-4014

Or send your message to:

https://sd14.senate.ca.gov/contact-us

https://sd14.senate.ca.gov/contact-us

CNFF and CERF Prevail In Appellate Court: County of San Diego Transportation Guidelines Are Overturned

By | Media Releases

For Immediate Release:

Duncan McFetridge, Cleveland National Forest Foundation, Tel: (619) 445-9638 Email: [email protected]

Livia Borak Beaudin, Coast Law Group, Tel: 760-942-8505 Email: [email protected]  

In a victory for climate action and environmental protection, the San Diego County Transportation Study Guide (TSG) has been struck down on appeal following a lawsuit filed by the Cleveland National Forest Foundation (CNFF) and the Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation (CERF). The decision marks a significant step forward in holding local governments accountable for their role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the impacts of vehicle travel on the environment.

In their California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) lawsuit, filed on November 2, 2022, CNFF and CERF challenged the TSG, arguing the County’s approach to evaluating transportation impacts failed to comply with Senate Bill 743 (SB 743). This legislation, enacted to curb vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, requires local agencies to ensure that development projects are designed to minimize environmental harm. Contrary to SB 743, the County’s plan would have allowed potential projects to bypass VMT analysis. By mislabeling developments in rural areas as “infill,” the plan incentivized projects in locations where VMT is already high, leading to increased emissions and continued sprawl development.

The trial court upheld the County’s use of two improper CEQA thresholds: the so-called “infill” threshold and small project threshold. Siding with environmentalists, the Court of Appeal reversed the Superior Court’s decision, striking down both improper thresholds. In the Opinion, filed on March 27, 2025, the Court states, “The County made no attempt to establish facts showing how often development in its designated infill and village areas will not cause a significant transportation-related impact as measured by VMT.” The Court also found the small project screening threshold lacked “any evidentiary support.”

“It’s time for the County to stop taking shortcuts and instead implement its low VMT climate policy,” said Duncan McFetridge, Director of CNFF. “We’re running out of precious time to start solving our housing and transportation problems in San Diego. The County’s continued delays hurt San Diegans and the environment.”

“We know we can’t meet our climate goals without significant reductions in automobile travel,” said Sara Ochoa, Programs Director at CERF. “Transportation costs are the second highest household expenditure. We should build housing and transit where it makes sense instead of dooming future generations to wildfire risks and soul-crushing commutes.”

Petitioners and Appellants were represented in this case by Coast Law Group LLP. A copy of the Opinion can be found here.

San Diego Coastkeeper and CERF Intend to Sue SeaWorld Over “Shocking Amounts” of Fireworks Pollution in Mission Bay

By | Media Releases

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE DATE: 12/05/2024                                                                                                              Media Contact:
Spencer Higgs
Communications Manager, San Diego Coastkeeper

San Diego Coastkeeper and CERF Intend to Sue SeaWorld
Over “Shocking Amounts” of Fireworks Pollution in Mission
Bay

SeaWorld’s unlawful discharges violate multiple provisions of two separate Clean Water Act permits.

SAN DIEGO, Calif. – The Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation (CERF) and San Diego Coastkeeper (Coastkeeper) have initiated a citizen suit enforcement action against SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. and Sea World LLC (collectively SeaWorld) for ongoing Clean Water Act violations in and around Mission Bay.

The notice of intent to sue letter ( Notice Letter ) addresses numerous violations of both SeaWorld’s Fireworks Permit and Waste Discharge Permit.

Fireworks Discharge Violations

SeaWorld hosts up to 150 fireworks shows per year, each of which fires anywhere between 250 to 1,750 fireworks shells directly over Mission Bay. The Notice Letter describes “shocking amounts” of evidence collected from the waters surrounding SeaWorld’s fireworks launch barge.

SeaWorld routinely discharges plastic caps, wires, trash, and other chemical laden debris into Mission Bay in violation of multiple requirements of the regional Fireworks Permit, and fails to follow its own post-event cleanup protocols. Adding to the list of violations, SeaWorld allows embers, malfunctioning fireworks, wires and ignitors to fall into the bay while still burning.

Among the waste from SeaWorld’s fireworks are sharp wires, broken ignitors, shell casings, caps, shattered plastic, cardboard, and residue from toxic medals, including barium, chromium, cobalt, and copper. This hazardous debris is strewn across Mission Bay’s seafloor and along the beaches of Fiesta Island, an extremely popular recreational area.

“SeaWorld’s flagrant violations of federal law are causing serious harm to Mission Bay’s marine environment, and contradict the company’s stated mission to conserve wildlife worldwide,” said Phillip Musegaas, Executive Director of Coastkeeper. “Their failure to clean up their fireworks mess and inability to properly treat aquarium water before discharging it back into the Bay must end.”

Waste Discharge Violations

SeaWorld also insufficiently treats wastewater from its saltwater aquarium tanks, resulting in elevated levels of several pollutants discharging directly into Mission Bay. SeaWorld has routinely exceeded its effluent limitations for the pollutants total coliform, total suspended solids (“TSS”), copper, and enterococci. As a result, SeaWorld has been out of compliance with its Waste Discharge Permit for at least 500 days since January 1, 2020.

Problems and Consequences

SeaWorld’s multiple, ongoing permit violations result in large volumes of toxic and non-biodegradable debris, and a variety of pollutants ranging from fecal bacteria to heavy metals such as copper and chromium, discharging into Mission Bay. In June 2024, SeaWorld reported discharging hundreds of pounds of debris into Mission Bay in less than a week from just four fireworks shows. Photo and video evidence [LB1] of embers and debris falling into the water from SeaWorld’s permanent fireworks barge show the negative impact of SeaWorld’s 150 fireworks shows on Mission Bay.

Photo evidence collected from Mission Bay and Fiesta Island showing fireworks debris:

September 3, 2024 Post - Show Collection September 3, 2024 Post - Show Clean-Up Post Show Debris November 12, 2024 Post Show Debris November 12, 2024

[LB1] https://cerf.org/november-11-2024-seaworld-firework-show/

https://cerf.org/september-2-2024-seaworld-firework-show/ Photos taken by Natalie Clagett

Such discharges negatively impact Mission Bay’s water quality, ecosystem health, food webs, biodiversity, public health, and the public’s ability to generally use and enjoy this unique recreational aquatic park. This Notice Letter adds to mounting public pressure from SeaWorld’s neighbors, veterans, and conservationists who have voiced concerns about the fireworks’ resulting noise, air quality, bird and other wildlife, mental health, and domestic animal impacts.

“SeaWorld has known about the discharges and debris on Fiesta Island for years,” said Livia Beaudin, partner at Coast Law Group, attorneys for Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation. “SeaWorld even has permits to conduct drone shows which result in zero discharge to Mission Bay, but it continues to choose profits over people and wildlife.” Historical Context for Clean Water Act Permitting for Fireworks Over Water Thanks to progressive litigation and advocacy work dating back to the early 2000s, Coastkeeper and CERF were integral in requiring Clean Water Act permits for over-water firework displays.

Historical Context for Clean Water Act Permitting for Fireworks Over Water

Thanks to progressive litigation and advocacy work dating back to the early 2000s, Coastkeeper and CERF were integral in requiring Clean Water Act permits for over-water firework displays.

These advocacy efforts drove the nation’s first permits regulating the discharge of fireworks under the Clean Water Act.

About Coastkeeper

Founded in 1995, San Diego Coastkeeper safeguards our region’s inland and coastal waters through a strategic blend of community science, education, grassroots outreach, policy advocacy, and legal enforcement of environmental laws. This approach allows us to effectively tackle the most pressing water issues facing our region. For more information, visit sdcoastkeeper.org.

About Coastal Environmental Rights Foundation

CERF is an environmental nonprofit founded in 2008 by surfers in Encinitas, CA. CERF is dedicated to the preservation, protection, and defense of the environment, the wildlife, and the natural resources of the California Coast. To learn more, visit www.cerf.org.